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<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#graphql-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>GraphQL 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
<p>这份快速参考备忘单提供了 <a href="https://graphql.org/">GraphQL</a> 的简要概述</p>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#概述">概述</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#schema">Schema</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#内置标量类型">内置标量类型</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#类型定义">类型定义</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#类型修饰符">类型修饰符</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#输入参数">输入参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#基本输入">基本输入</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#输入默认值">输入默认值</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#具有多个参数的输入">具有多个参数的输入</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#具有多个参数和默认值的输入">具有多个参数和默认值的输入</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#输入类型">输入类型</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#自定义标量">自定义标量</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#接口">接口</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#联合">联合</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#枚举">枚举</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#查询和变更mutations">查询和变更(Mutations)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#字段">字段</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查询可以有注释">查询可以有注释</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#参数-arguments">参数 Arguments</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#不同类型的参数">不同类型的参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#别名aliases">别名(Aliases)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#片段fragments">片段(Fragments)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#在片段内使用变量">在片段内使用变量</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#操作名称operation-name">操作名称(Operation name)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#变量variables">变量(Variables)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#默认变量default-variables">默认变量(Default variables)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#指令directives">指令(Directives)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#变更mutations">变更(Mutations)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#内联片段inline-fragments">内联片段(Inline Fragments)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#元字段meta-fields">元字段(Meta fields)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="概述"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#概述"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>概述</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li>RESTful API 的另一种方法</li>
<li>GraphQL 是一种 API 查询语言</li>
<li>使用清晰的共享术语轻松描述 GraphQL API 的形状。</li>
<li>客户端发出查询/突变以读取和更新数据</li>
<li>GraphQL 语法可以表达复杂的实体关系</li>
<li>用 <a href="https://graphql.org/code/">不同语言</a> 实现 GraphQL 的库</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://graphql.org/">GraphQL</a></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="schema"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#schema"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Schema</h3><div class="wrap-body">

























<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>schema</code></td><td>GraphQL 架构定义</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>query</code></td><td>读取和遍历数据</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>mutation</code></td><td>修改数据或触发动作</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>subscription</code></td><td>发生事件时运行查询</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="内置标量类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#内置标量类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>内置标量类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">





























<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>Int</code></td><td>有符号 32 位整数</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>Float</code></td><td>有符号双精度浮点值</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>String</code></td><td>UTF-8 字符序列</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>Boolean</code></td><td>对或错布尔值类型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ID</code></td><td>唯一标识符</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="类型定义"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#类型定义"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>类型定义</h3><div class="wrap-body">

































<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>scalar</code></td><td>标量类型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>type</code></td><td>对象类型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>interface</code></td><td>接口类型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>union</code></td><td>联合类型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>enum</code></td><td>枚举类型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>input</code></td><td>输入对象类型</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="类型修饰符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#类型修饰符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>类型修饰符</h3><div class="wrap-body">





























<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>String</code></td><td>可空字符串</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>String!</code></td><td>非空字符串</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>[String]</code></td><td>可空字符串列表</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>[String]!</code></td><td>可空字符串的非空列表</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>[String!]!</code></td><td>非空字符串的非空列表</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="输入参数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#输入参数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>输入参数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<h4 id="基本输入"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本输入"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>基本输入</h4>
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Query</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">users</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Int</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="输入默认值"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#输入默认值"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>输入默认值</h4>
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Query</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">users</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Int</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="具有多个参数的输入"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#具有多个参数的输入"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>具有多个参数的输入</h4>
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Query</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">users</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Int</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attr-name">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="具有多个参数和默认值的输入"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#具有多个参数和默认值的输入"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>具有多个参数和默认值的输入</h4>
<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Query</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">users</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Int</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attr-name">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Query</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">users</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Int</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attr-name">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">String</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"asc"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Query</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">users</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Int</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attr-name">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">String</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"asc"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="输入类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#输入类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>输入类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">input</span> <span class="token atom-input class-name">ListUsersInput</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Int</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">since_id</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">ID</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Mutation</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">users</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">params</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token atom-input class-name">ListUsersInput</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">!</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="自定义标量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#自定义标量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>自定义标量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">scalar</span> <span class="token class-name">Url</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">User</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">String</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">homepage</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Url</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="接口"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#接口"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>接口</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">Foo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">is_foo</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Boolean</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">Goo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">is_goo</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Boolean</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Bar</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">Foo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">is_foo</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Boolean</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">is_bar</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Boolean</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Baz</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">Foo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token object">Goo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">is_foo</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Boolean</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">is_goo</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Boolean</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">is_baz</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Boolean</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>实现一个或多个接口的对象</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="联合"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#联合"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>联合</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Foo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">String</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Bar</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">is_bar</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">String</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">union</span> <span class="token class-name">SingleUnion</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token property">Foo</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">union</span> <span class="token class-name">MultipleUnion</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token property">Foo</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token property">Bar</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Root</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">single</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">SingleUnion</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">multiple</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">MultipleUnion</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>一个或多个对象的联合</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="枚举"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#枚举"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>枚举</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token constant">USER_STATE</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token constant">NOT_FOUND</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token constant">ACTIVE</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token constant">INACTIVE</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token constant">SUSPENDED</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Root</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">stateForUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">userID</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">ID</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">USER_STATE</span><span class="token operator">!</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">users</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">state</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">USER_STATE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attr-name">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Int</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="查询和变更mutations"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查询和变更mutations"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查询和变更(Mutations)</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="字段"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#字段"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>字段</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token object">hero</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"hero"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"R2-D2"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查询可以有注释"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查询可以有注释"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查询可以有注释</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token object">hero</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token comment"># 查询可以有注释！</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token object">friends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"hero"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"R2-D2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"friends"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Luke Skywalker"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Han Solo"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="参数-arguments"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#参数-arguments"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>参数 Arguments</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property-query">human</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"1000"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">height</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"human"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Luke Skywalker"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"height"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1.72</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="不同类型的参数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#不同类型的参数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>不同类型的参数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property-query">human</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"1000"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property-query">height</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">unit</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">FOOT</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"human"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Luke Skywalker"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"height"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5.6430448</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="别名aliases"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#别名aliases"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>别名(Aliases)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">empireHero</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token property-query">hero</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">EMPIRE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">jediHero</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token property-query">hero</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">JEDI</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"empireHero"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Luke Skywalker"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"jediHero"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"R2-D2"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="片段fragments"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#片段fragments"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>片段(Fragments)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">leftComparison</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token property-query">hero</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">EMPIRE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token fragment function">comparisonFields</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">rightComparison</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token property-query">hero</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">JEDI</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token fragment function">comparisonFields</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">​
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">fragment</span> <span class="token fragment function">comparisonFields</span> <span class="token keyword">on</span> <span class="token class-name">Character</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">appearsIn</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token object">friends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"leftComparison"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Luke Skywalker"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"appearsIn"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token string">"NEWHOPE"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token string">"EMPIRE"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token string">"JEDI"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"friends"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Han Solo"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Leia Organa"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"C-3PO"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"R2-D2"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"rightComparison"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"R2-D2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"appearsIn"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token string">"NEWHOPE"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token string">"EMPIRE"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token string">"JEDI"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"friends"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Luke Skywalker"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Han Solo"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Leia Organa"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="在片段内使用变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#在片段内使用变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>在片段内使用变量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">query</span> <span class="token definition-query function">HeroComparison</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$first</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Int</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">leftComparison</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token property-query">hero</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">EMPIRE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token fragment function">comparisonFields</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token attr-name">rightComparison</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token property-query">hero</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">JEDI</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token fragment function">comparisonFields</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">​
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">fragment</span> <span class="token fragment function">comparisonFields</span> <span class="token keyword">on</span> <span class="token class-name">Character</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property-query">friendsConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">first</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token variable">$first</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">totalCount</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token object">edges</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token object">node</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"leftComparison"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Luke Skywalker"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"friendsConnection"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token property">"totalCount"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token property">"edges"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
</span><span class="code-line">          <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">            <span class="token property">"node"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">              <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Han Solo"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">          <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">          <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">            <span class="token property">"node"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">              <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Leia Organa"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">          <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"rightComparison"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"R2-D2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"friendsConnection"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token property">"totalCount"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token property">"edges"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
</span><span class="code-line">          <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">            <span class="token property">"node"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">              <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Luke Skywalker"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">          <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">          <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">            <span class="token property">"node"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">              <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Han Solo"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">          <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="操作名称operation-name"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#操作名称operation-name"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>操作名称(Operation name)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">query</span> <span class="token definition-query function">HeroNameAndFriends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token object">hero</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token object">friends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"hero"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"R2-D2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"friends"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Luke Skywalker"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Han Solo"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Leia Organa"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="变量variables"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#变量variables"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>变量(Variables)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># { "graphiql": true, "variables": { "episode": JEDI } }</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">query</span> <span class="token definition-query function">HeroNameAndFriends</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Episode</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property-query">hero</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token variable">$episode</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token object">friends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
<p>变量前缀必须为 <code>$</code>，后跟其类型</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="默认变量default-variables"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#默认变量default-variables"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>默认变量(Default variables)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">query</span> <span class="token definition-query function">HeroNameAndFriends</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Episode</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"JEDI"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property-query">hero</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token variable">$episode</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token object">friends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="指令directives"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#指令directives"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>指令(Directives)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">query</span> <span class="token definition-query function">Hero</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Episode</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$withFriends</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token scalar">Boolean</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property-query">hero</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token variable">$episode</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">friends</span> <span class="token directive function">@include</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">if</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token variable">$withFriends</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
<hr>
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">"episode"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"JEDI"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"withFriends"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"hero"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"R2-D2"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>@include(if: Boolean)</code> 仅在参数为 <code>true</code> 时，包含此字段</li>
<li><code>@skip(if: Boolean)</code> 如果参数为 <code>true</code>，跳过此字段</li>
</ul>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="变更mutations"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#变更mutations"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>变更(Mutations)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">mutation</span> <span class="token definition-mutation function">CreateReviewForEpisode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable variable-input">$ep</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Episode</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable variable-input">$review</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token atom-input class-name">ReviewInput</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property-query property-mutation">createReview</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token variable variable-input">$ep</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attr-name">review</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token variable variable-input">$review</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">stars</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">commentary</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
<hr>
<pre><code class="code-highlight"><span class="code-line">{
</span><span class="code-line">  "ep": "JEDI",
</span><span class="code-line">  "review": {
</span><span class="code-line">    "stars": 5,
</span><span class="code-line">    "commentary": "This is a great movie!"
</span><span class="code-line">  }
</span><span class="code-line">}
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"createReview"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"stars"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"commentary"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"This is a great movie!"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="内联片段inline-fragments"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#内联片段inline-fragments"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>内联片段(Inline Fragments)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">query</span> <span class="token definition-query function">HeroForEpisode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$ep</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Episode</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property-query">hero</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">episode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token variable">$ep</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token keyword">on</span> <span class="token class-name">Droid</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">primaryFunction</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token keyword">on</span> <span class="token class-name">Human</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">height</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<hr>
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">"ep"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"JEDI"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"hero"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"R2-D2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">"primaryFunction"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Astromech"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="元字段meta-fields"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#元字段meta-fields"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>元字段(Meta fields)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-graphql"><code class="language-graphql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property-query">search</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token attr-name">text</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"an"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">__typename</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token keyword">on</span> <span class="token class-name">Human</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token keyword">on</span> <span class="token class-name">Droid</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token keyword">on</span> <span class="token class-name">Starship</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token property">name</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>结果:</p>
<pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token property">"data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token property">"search"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token property">"__typename"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Human"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Han Solo"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token property">"__typename"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Human"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Leia Organa"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token property">"__typename"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Starship"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"TIE Advanced x1"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line">  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/sogko/graphql-schema-language-cheat-sheet">GraphQL Schema Language Cheat Sheet</a> <em>(github.com)</em></li>
</ul>
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